一,面向对象
1..面向对象的过程:一切以事物的流程为核心,核心是过程二字,过程是指解决问题的步骤,
是一种机械是的编程思维
优点:负责的问题流程化,编写相对简单 缺点:可扩展性能差
2.面向对象一切以对象为中心
优点:可扩展性强 缺点:编程复杂度高于面向过程
面向对象的编写
class Car: passc=Car()c.lunzi="圆的"c.red='骚红色'c.pailiang="6.31"c.pai="粤b无数"c.price="200000"print(c.price)b=Car()b.yanse="绿色"b.year="10年"b.price="100万"b.paizi="宝马"b.排量="5.42"print(b.排量)
class Computer: # 构造方法. 在创建的对象的时候由系统自动访问这个方法 # self: 自己. 自身. 类的对象. 当前正在创建的对象 def __init__(self, pinpai, price, cpu, neicun): # 谁在调用, self就是谁, self 由python自动传递 self.pinpai = pinpai self.price = price self.cpu = cpu self.neicun = neicun # 方法. 该类型的对象能够执行哪些操作 def dayouxi(self, game): # 谁调用的这个方法. self就是谁 # 我用我的self.pinpai的调用. 利用很牛B的self.cpu来完成吃鸡操作 print("我要打游戏, 我要%s" % game)c = Computer("微软",25000,"i9","5T") # 创建对象c.dayouxi("吃鸡")c2 = Computer("mac book", 22000, "i7", "16G")print(c2.price)c.pinpai = "神州"c.price = 100c.cpu = "赛扬双核"c.neicun = "1G"c2 = Computer()c2.pinpai = "小米"c2.price = 10000c2.cpu = "I7-8750"c2.neicun = "1T"print(c2.pinpai) # 小米print(c.pinpai) # 神州
思考过程:准备创建类 -> 定义__init__() self.xxx = xxxx对象能干什么事儿? 方法. def 方法名(self, 参数...)练习题: 1. 创建⼀个武松. 武松可以打老虎, 杀嫂⼦, 替天⾏道class HaoHan: def __init__(self, waihao, name, wuqi, jineng): self.waihao = waihao self.name = name self.wuqi = wuqi self.jineng = jineng def dalaohu(self): pass def shasaozi(self): pass def titianxingdao(self): passws = HaoHan("行者", "武松", "拳头", "王八拳")ws.dalaohu()ws.shasaozi()ws.titianxingdao()lk = HaoHan("黑旋风", "李逵", "双板斧", "旋风斩")lk.dalaohu()lk.shasaozi()lk.titianxingdao() 2. ⽤⾯向对象的思维来模拟LOL⾥的盖伦(英雄)上阵杀敌.class Tank: def __init__(self, name, waihao, hp, fy): self.name = name self.waihao = waihao self.hp = hp self.fy = fy def kang(self): pass def zhengyishenpan(self): passgailun = Tank("盖伦","德玛西亚之力", 5000, 200) 3. 编写和尚类. ⾃⼰⾃由发挥和尚有哪些属性和⽅法.class HeShang: def __init__(self, fahao, simiao): self.fahao = fahao self.simiao = simiao def nianjing(self): pass def marray(self): pass # 4. ⽤⾯向对象的思维来完成⽤户登录.class User: def __init__(self, username, password): self.username = username self.password = password def login(self, uname, upws): if uname == self.username and upws == self.password: return True else: return Falseu1 = User("alex", "123")ret = u1.login(input("请输入你的用户名"), input("请输入密码"))print(ret) 主语发生了改变 函数式编程. 简单的基本功能还是函数式编程更加好用 面向对象: 如果功能非常复杂的时候.
例一:要把大象装冰箱:面向对象的过程def open(): print("开门")def zhuang(): print("装大象")def close(): print("关门")open()zhuang()close()例二:面向对象:class DaXiang: def open(self): print("开门") def jinbingxiang(self): print('进冰箱') def guanmen(self): print("关门")dx = DaXiang()dx.open()dx.jinbingxiang()dx.guanmen()
面向对象过程# alex大战奥特曼def daZhanAoTeMan(name, wuqi, jineng): print("%s 使用 %s 配合 %s技能狂怼奥特曼" % (name, wuqi, jineng))# alex大战哥斯拉def daZhanGeSiLa(name, wuqi, jineng): print("%s 使用 %s 配合 %s技能狂怼哥斯拉" % (name, wuqi, jineng))# alex大战蝙蝠侠def daZhanBianFuXia(name, wuqi, jineng): print("%s 使用 %s 配合 %s技能狂怼蝙蝠侠" % (name, wuqi, jineng))daZhanAoTeMan("alex", "菜刀", "动感光波")daZhanGeSiLa("alex", "菜刀", "动感光波")daZhanBianFuXia("alex", "菜刀", "动感光波")面向对象:对象做主语执行动作class Person: def __init__(self, name, wuqi, jineng, taopaoluxian): # 封装: 对属性的封装. self.name = name self.wuqi = wuqi self.jineng = jineng self.taopaoluxian = taopaoluxian # 对方法进行封装 def daZhanAoTeMan(self): print("%s 使用 %s 配合 %s技能狂怼奥特曼" % (self.name, self.wuqi, self.jineng)) # alex大战哥斯拉 def daZhanGeSiLa(self): print("%s 使用 %s 配合 %s技能狂怼哥斯拉" % (self.name, self.wuqi, self.jineng)) # alex大战蝙蝠侠 def daZhanBianFuXia(self): print("%s 使用 %s 配合 %s技能狂怼蝙蝠侠" % (self.name, self.wuqi, self.jineng))a1 = Person("alex", "菜刀", "动感光波", "打车跑")a1.daZhanAoTeMan()a1.daZhanBianFuXia()a1.daZhanGeSiLa() 继承: 子类自动拥有父类中除了私有内容外的其他所有的属性:
例一class Niu: def da(self): print("牛魔王打架很厉害")class HongHaiEer(Niu): def da(self): print("喷火")hhl = HongHaiEer()hhl.da()例二 多肽:同一对象拥有多种形态
同一个对象. 拥有多种形态 java c++class Aniaml: def dong(self): print("动物可以动")class Cat(Aniaml): def chi(self): print("猫喜欢吃鱼")a = Cat()a.chi() # 站在猫的角度. 可以吃a.dong() # 站在动物的角度可以动# 在python中多态的效果感受不够明确class YaoGuai: def teng(self): print("妖怪一定会疼")class ZhiZhuJing(YaoGuai): def teng(self): print("蜘蛛精很痛")class HeiXiongJing(YaoGuai): def teng(self): print("黑熊精也很疼")class BaiGuJing(YaoGuai): def teng(self): print("白骨精骨头很疼")class JinJiaoDaWang(YaoGuai): def fangundeteng(self): print("爆炸的疼")class SunWuKong: def da(self, yg): yg.teng() # 只要包含了xxx功能的内容都可以试用. 鸭子模型 -> 多态性# 西游记开始swk = SunWuKong()hxj = HeiXiongJing()swk.da(hxj)bgj = BaiGuJing()swk.da(bgj)zzj = ZhiZhuJing()swk.da(zzj)alex = JinJiaoDaWang()swk.da(alex) 多继承:就近原则:
class Foo1: def money(self): print("有钱")class Foo2: def play(self): print("玩儿") def money(self): print("没钱")class Bar(Foo2, Foo1): # MRO c3算法 passb = Bar()b.money()